Optical nonlinear effects on the performance of IP traffic over GMPLS-based DWDM networks

With the introduction of Generalized multiprotocol label switching in the common control plane for optical crossconnects and electrical switching devices, the integration of IP and dense wavelength division multiplexing can be efficiently achieved. When IP traffic flows are directly mapped to optical channels without SDH inter-layer, the bursty nature of IP traffic may have significant effect on the performance of the optical channel. On the other hand, the nonlinear effects of the optical channel may also have significant effect on the performance at IP level. This paper focuses on the effect of fiber nonlinearities on the performance of IP traffic. Numerical results including IP packet error probability and high-order distribution functions of IP packet error are presented in terms of IP traffic load, input light signal power and the frequency space between the optical wavelengths. It is demonstrated that when IP traffic load is light in such systems, the effect of either fourwave mixing (FWM) or stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) is much less serious than the worst-case assumption, and the limitation on allowable power of input light is also relaxed. The obtained numerical results demonstrated that FWM and SRS are both sensitive to power level of input light and frequency spacing, but each in a unique way. Effort must be taken in system design to avoid improving the performance of one effect at the expense of deteriorating the other. q 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.